The Link Between Diabetes And Cancer: What You Need To Know

Medically reviewed by Dr Johann Tang, Senior Consultant Radiation Oncologist

Over the years, studies have shown that men are more likely to develop cancer than women. They also have a higher risk of getting diabetes. However, it is essential to note that both men and women with diabetes face a greater risk of developing specific cancers. So, does this suggest there is a potential link between the two medical conditions? Let us examine the connections between both diseases to find out more.

The Connection Between Cancer And Diabetes

As cancer research continues apace, cancer specialists have discovered that patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes are more prone to specific types of cancer. In particular, type 2 diabetes is linked to an increased risk of bladder, breast, and colorectal cancer. Meanwhile, those with type 1 diabetes are more susceptible to stomach cancer. However, both can increase one’s risk of developing liver and pancreatic cancer.

While researchers are still trying to figure out the possible connections between both diseases, one link appears to involve insulin. Patients with type 2 diabetes usually possess a higher level of insulin. This long-term, elevated amount of insulin may increase their risk of developing breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer. Researchers have also found that type 1 diabetes patients receiving higher daily insulin doses have a greater risk of cancer. Nonetheless, further studies are needed to validate this potential connection.

Shared Risk Factors Between Cancer And Diabetes

Another link between cancer and diabetes may be explained by their various shared risk factors, which include:

• A sedentary lifestyle (not getting enough physical activity)
• Being male
• Consuming alcohol (more than two drinks per day)
• Old age
• Overweight or obesity
• Smoking

Even genetics and ethnicity can play a significant role in the development of cancer and diabetes. For instance, research has shown that Asians are more susceptible to type 2 diabetes compared to those of European descent. They are also more prone to several infection-associated cancers, such as gastric carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

How To Reduce Your Risk Of Developing Cancer And Diabetes

The shared risk factors between cancer and diabetes highlight the crucial role of daily habits in combating both diseases. That is why medical professionals often recommend lifestyle changes, such as maintaining a healthy diet and regular exercise, to reduce one’s risk of developing cancer and diabetes.

Our cancer doctor, Dr Johann Tang, recommends individuals to:

• Avoid smoking or quit the habit;
• Drink alcohol in moderation (No more than two standard drinks daily for men and no more than one standard drink daily for women*);
• Lose weight if overweight or obese;
• Maintain a diverse and healthy diet with plenty of fresh vegetables, fruits, and whole grains;
• Stay active (30 minutes of exercise, five days a week).

*A standard alcoholic drink is defined as one can of regular beer (330ml), half a glass (175ml) of wine, or one shot of spirit (35ml).

Establishing healthy routines can also be helpful for patients undergoing diabetes or cancer treatment. Eating well and getting the recommended amount of physical activity, even through gentle exercises like stretching or yoga, can significantly improve one’s overall well-being and help prevent a recurrence of the disease.

Cancer And Diabetes Screening Guidelines

Diabetes and various forms of cancers are considered ‘silent’ diseases in their early stages. It is possible for individuals to feel perfectly well until complications occur. By then, a late diagnosis may result in severe and irreversible complications that could otherwise be prevented. As such, it is essential to undergo regular cancer and diabetes screenings to detect potential issues early.

In Singapore, those aged 40 and above are encouraged to take a subsidised blood glucose test to detect diabetes early. Those under 40 years old are recommended to complete the Diabetes Risk Assessment (DRA) to find out their risk of developing the disease.

As for cancer prevention and early detection, it is advisable to consult a cancer doctor about the recommended screening guidelines based on age and risk factors for specific cancers. Generally, the cancer doctor will suggest undergoing a cancer screening if the individual has a family history of cancer. They will also recommend the type of screening to take. If the initial results are abnormal, further tests may be needed to confirm the diagnosis.

While the connection between cancer and diabetes is yet to be fully uncovered, one thing is abundantly clear – it is crucial to maintain a healthy lifestyle to reduce one’s risk for both diseases. So, ensure you regularly check in on your well-being, as well as strive to eat well and stay active. If you have any concerns about your health, do not hesitate to speak with a healthcare provider immediately.

With over 20 years in the medical field, our cancer doctor, Dr Johann Tang, has extensive experience treating various types of cancers. Dedicated to providing personalised care to every patient, he believes in using evidence-based treatment modalities to achieve the best outcomes. If you suspect you have cancer or wish to get a second opinion on your diagnosis, contact our clinic to set up an appointment with our cancer specialist today.